<p>Torca del Carlista  is a large limestone cavern found in Cantabria, Spain, approximately 35 km from the city of Bilbao. The entrance, up the slopes of the Cantabrian Mountains, is only a single metre  wide. The entry passage descends some 45 m vertically in a narrow chimney before opening up into the cavern&#39;s main gallery. Some 520 m long and 245 m wide, the total surface area of the cavern exceeds 20 acres, or 76,620 sqm. The main chamber is the fifth-largest underground chamber in the world, with a ceiling that reaches 120 m at its highest point.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The name Torca del Carlista likely comes from nearby Carlista Peak, a mountain named for the Spanish Carlist movement. Carlists supported Don Carlos, Count of Molina, as successor to the Spanish throne, and were opposed by Royalists. Local legend has it that an unnamed Carlist threw himself to death rather than surrender to the Royalists, and suggests that the cave was named for him.</p><br>
<p>The cave was first scientifically explored in 1958 by a team of Spanish speleologists. Access is presently restricted to experienced cavers only.</p><br>
<p>The Pinang River  is a river that runs through the city of George Town in Penang, Malaysia. Stretching for approximately 3.5 km, the river separates George Town proper to the north and its suburb of Jelutong to the south. It also passes under the Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu Expressway before emptying into the Penang Strait.</p><br>
<p>Sungai Pinang also refers to the neighbourhood that exists along the river. It is believed that the first riverine villages had been established in the late 18th century, prior to the arrival of Captain Francis Light, the founder of modern Penang.</p><br>
<p>The Pinang River was widely regarded as one of the filthiest waterways in Malaysia. In recent years, the Penang state government has intensified efforts to clean up and deepen the river, resulting in an improvement of the river&#39;s water quality.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Pinang River meanders eastwards for about 3.5 km from the confluence between Air Terjun and Air Itam Rivers towards the Penang Strait. It also has four other tributaries - Kecil, Air Putih, Dondang and Jelutong Rivers.</p><br>
<p>The river&#39;s mouth, which is located east of the Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu Expressway, was actually reclaimed from the sea. The original mouth was situated under a bridge linking Bridge Street (now Jalan C.Y. Choy) and Jelutong Road.</p><br>
<p>Historically, the Pinang River had marked the southernmost limits of George Town, while its working-class suburb of Jelutong lies to the south. Nonetheless, the river area has become urbanised since the mid 20th century, with residential high-rises and office blocks lining both river banks.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 18th century, prior to the founding of Penang Island by Captain Francis Light, Malay fishermen had already established fishing villages along the Pinang River. The fishermen, who originated from Kedah and Aceh, chose the river for its constant supply of fresh water, as well as a route to the interior of Penang Island. The original river mouth also served as a resting place for traders arriving via the Penang Strait.</p><br>
<p>Towards the end of the 19th century, the development of heavy industries around Jelutong, south of the Pinang River, caused extensive pollution of the river, which lasts to this day.</p><br>
<p>Since 2008, the Penang state government has ramped up efforts to clean up and deepen the Pinang River. The aim is two-fold: to improve the river&#39;s water quality to Class II of the National Water Quality Standards, and to mitigate the perennial flash floods that threaten the low-lying neighbourhoods along the river. Due to the ongoing clean-up efforts that included the installation of rubbish traps and desilting works, it was reported that, as of 2016, the water quality of nearly 60% of the Pinang River was at Class II.</p><br>
<p>Sıçan Island  is an islet in the Gulf of Antalya. In the history the islet had a number of names. According to Prof. Mustafa Adak, the oldest name of the islet was Lyrnateia. During the Roman Empire era it was called Attelebussa . Italian seamen of the Medieval Ages used the name Renathia. Evliya Çelebi the famous Ottoman Empire traveler of the 17th century called the island Güvercin  and Kuş . In the 19th century its name was Rasat </p><br>
<p>The islet faces a small fishing port to the west of Antalya at 36&deg;48&prime;09&Prime;N latitude, 30&deg;35&prime;22&Prime;E longitude. Its distance to the mainland (Anatolia) to north west is less than 100 m. Its surface area is about 0.04 km.There is a ramp from west to east of the islet and the east side is a high cliff. The uninhabited islet is attractive for the divers. The maximum depth in the sandy west coast is 8 m. But the depth in the east coasat is 22 m. There is also an underwater cave in the east.</p><br>
<p>Ponta Moreia is the northernmost point of the island of Santiago, Cape Verde. It is about 2 km north of the nearest village, Fazenda and around 5 km north of Tarrafal. It has a small headland. Its length is about 800 meters long and its width ranges from 500 meters in the north and to 800 meters in the south. Two tiny sandy beaches are located at the edge of the headlands. Two rocky islets lie west of the headland. Nearby points are Ponta Bicuda 5 km east and Ponta da Fazenda less than 2 km west.</p><br>
<p>About 10 km immediately to the north has a depth of 1,000 meters and that portion forms a part of the Cape Verde Rise. 20-30 km north has the deepest portion being about 3,000 meters below sea level.</p><br>
<p>Near the point has a homonymous lighthouse located near the point at the elevation between 10 and 20 meters above sea level.</p><br>
<p>During the Ice Age, the point then unnamed was about a kilometer north. Around it has a small unpaved road (Caminho da Ponta Moreia) that connects with Tras os Montes and the highway connecting Praia and Tarrafal via Pedra Badejo.</p><br>
<p>On January 5, 75 AD, a total solar eclipse took place and the greatest eclipse was in that area (15.5 N, 23.7 W) which was about 20 miles (25 km) northwest of the cape and headed up another 20 miles, its umbral portion width was 57 Roman miles (87 km) wide, and stretched down to Serra da Malagueta.</p><br>
<p>The island along with the point was first discovered by António da Noli in 1460. Before the northern part was settled around the 16th century, the area was forested. The area around the point was first settled around the mid to late 16th century.</p><br>
<p>The main point was mentioned as "Ponta Bikkude" (Bicuda) in the 1747 French/Dutch map by Jacques Nicolas Bellin. which is located to the east. Another point named Ponta das Bicudas on the island is located in the south just east of Praia at Praia Harbor.</p><br>
<p>In the 1950s, the geography was barren, in the 1990s, the area became forested which it has since.</p><br>
<p>Urchinwood Manor is a Grade II* listed building at Congresbury within the English county of Somerset.</p><br>
<p>Part of the house was built around 1620 with additions being made in the 17th century. The house and surrounding estate has been bought and sold many times over the centuries with the estate now being used as an equestrian centre.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The manor of Congresbury, including Urchinwood, was endowed to Queen Elizabeth&#39;s Hospital by John Carr in 1586. The two-storey stone house was built by the family of John Young who were the tenants. The exact date is unknown but likely to be before 1620 as the date is recorded on the porch. In 1643 the manor was sold to the local businessman and mayor of Bristol, John Taylor, who gained possession of the house shortly afterwards. In 1693 it passed to Richard Morgan. By the second half of the 18th century the house was owned by George Webb and passed to his descendants and by marriage to William Codrington, who sold it in 1814 to John Philip Miles of the Miles baronets from Leigh Court for £18,826.</p><br>
<p>In 1834 the estate including the house was sold for £6,650 to the Smyth Pigott family of Brockley Hall. In the middle of the 20th century it was sold to Lt. Colonel John Kenrie La Touche Mardon who sold it to D. Brodie Macdonald.</p><br>
<p>The 150 acre estate is now used as an equestrian centre.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>It was renovated and extended in the 17th and 20th centuries, converting the original "L" shaped house into a "U". The porch at the front is part of the original building from 1620. It opens into a small hall which would have been the original screens passage. Leading from the hall is an oak panelled dining room and then the Kings room with a massive open fireplace made of moulded stone, which may have been moved to Urchinwood from another house. Some of the wood panelling in the living room had also been brought in from other houses. Several rooms have Jacobean plasterwork ceilings. The earliest part of the house is linked to the 17th century additions by a stone archway.</p><br>
<p>There is a 17th-century barn to the northwest of the house.</p><br>
<p>The McLemore-Sharpe Farmstead is a historic farm in Toombs County, Georgia, southwest of Vidalia. The farmstead includes two farmhouses and their associated outbuildings. The McLemore farmhouse is a log cabin, of single pen type, built in 1864, with a shed-type front porch and additional shed rooms. The Sharpe farmhouse is a one-story wood frame house built in 1903. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The farm includes seven contributing buildings, 11 other contributing structures, and six contributing sites (including a family cemetery).</p><br>
<p>The McLemore farmhouse was built for Chesley Boswick (C.B.) McLemore, with much work done by one of his slaves, Charles McLemore, who prepared logs and made the bricks for the chimney. It was estimated that the exposed beams came from trees that were 125-years-od when the house was built. It has a detached kitchen, separated by a 20-foot walkway. The house became a tenant house and later a storage house, after the new farmhouse was built in 1903. C.B.s son-in-law Robert L. (Bob) Sharpe, built the new house, and lived there with his wife and mother-in-law (C.B.s widow).</p><br>
<p>The Lyons Woman&#39;s Club House in Lyons, Georgia was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The club is important in part for its association with the social history of Lyons. The Lyons Womans Club was organized in 1928 and became a member of the Georgia Federation of Womens Clubs. It succeeded three clubs in Lyons: the United Daughters of the Confederacy, the Worth While Club, and the New Era Club. The new club was more effective and took on beneficial projects such as stamping out adult illiteracy.</p><br>
<p>It is also notable for association with architect William Walter Simmons, whose initial design for the building was to include Spanish revival style. The built design instead has a few elements of Georgian Revival architecture in its wrought iron, its parapet, and "round-marched" windows.</p><br>
<p>The W.W. Simmons & Son company also designed the NRHP-listed Warrenville Elementary School in South Carolina, and has been described as "an obscure architecture firm working out of Augusta, Georgia during the 1920s and active until 1951."</p><br>
<p>Yassıca Island  is an island in the Gulf of İzmir, Turkey. Sometimes the island is also called Alman Adası .</p><br>
<p>The island is a part of Urla ilçe (district) of İzmir Province at 38&deg;24&prime;39&Prime;N latitude, 26&deg;47&prime;37&Prime;E longitude. Its distance to the nearest point on the mainland (Karaburun Peninsula of Anatolia) is about 4 km and to Pırnarlı Island is 1 km. Its surface area is 0,125 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<p>The island is uninhabited. But the İzmir municipality has established a quay, a 400-meter beach and a restaurant in the southern portion of the island. Moreover İZBAN (transportation company of İzmir municipality) operates regular ferry services from Konak and Karşıyaka terminals to the island.The voyage time to Yassıca Island is about 1,5 hours.</p><br>
<p>The Red Mountain Shelter is a historic rustic log shelter in Mohawk State Forest in Cornwall, Connecticut. Built in 1934, it is one three surviving log shelters constructed by the Civilian Conservation Corps in Connecticut. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Red Mountain Shelter is located on the eastern slope of Red Mountain, a 1,652 ft hill in the northern part of Mohawk State Forest in eastern Cornwall. It is located along a blue-blazed trail that is a former alignment of the Appalachian Trail, north of Connecticut Route 4. It is a small log structure, with a gabled roof and dry-laid fieldstone foundation. The rectangular structure, open on one side, is built out of saddle-notched logs, with a milled lumber sill at the base of the opening for stability.</p><br>
<p>The shelter was built in 1934 by a crew of the CCC based at Camp Cross, which was located in Housatonic State Forest. Crews from the same camp also built the Cream Hill Shelter in northern Cornwall. These two shelters were both located along what was then the route of the Appalachian Trail, but has since been rerouted further west. The Trail had been laid through the area by the state in 1930-33, and the CCC crews (active from 1933 to 1941) were responsible for opening this area of the forest to further recreational use. A similar shelter to this one, located south of CT 4, was destroyed by fire c. 1977.</p><br>
<p>Karantina Island  is an island in the Gulf of İzmir, Turkey.</p><br>
<p>The island is a part of Urla ilçe (district) of İzmir Province at 38&deg;22&prime;26&Prime;N latitude, 26&deg;47&prime;07&Prime;E longitude. Its surface area is 320,000 m&sup2; and its distance to mainland (Karaburun Peninsula of Anatolia) is only 600 m.There is an artificial connection between the mainland and the island.</p><br>
<p>The ancient history of the island is related to that of the ancient site Klazomenai. During the 19th century the island was equipped with the up to date medical instruments and it was used as a quarantine island. In 1950, the buildings were restored to be used as a hospital. In 1955 it was named as "Sun and Sea Treatment Institute". After the construction of new buildings it was re named as "Urla Hospital of Orthopedics". In 1986, the hospital was redesigned as a general purpose hospital.</p><br>
<p>It is planned to open a medical museum on the island.</p><br>
<p>The Isaac Heffron House is a two-story building located at 1509 Postoffice Street  in the East End Historic District of Galveston, Texas. The house was built by Isaac Heffron, a prominent Galveston contractor in the Victorian period and during the city&#39;s recovery from the 1900 Galveston Hurricane. Later, the house was the residence of T.J. Holbrook, a Texas state senator from 1922 to 1939.</p><br>
<h2>Isaac Heffron</h2><br>
<p>Isaac Heffron was born in Cardiff, Wales in either 1853 or 1858. He immigrated to United States in 1860 and settled in Galveston, Texas. Beginning in 1881, he worked as a stevedore for the firm Munn, Fry, and Company. He remained with the firm until 1885, by which point it had been renamed Fry and Heffron. As Heffron’s career developed, he completed increasingly large construction projects and received substantial contracts from the City of Galveston, including one for the construction of a railroad, including a trestle bridge, connecting Galveston to La Porte, Texas.</p><br>
<h3>Galveston Sewer Company</h3><br>
<p>During the middle of the nineteenth century, Galveston suffered a public health crisis. The city lacked an organized waste management system. The worst problem was human waste.</p><br>
<p>In 1886, Heffron founded the Galveston Sewer Company and was awarded a contract from the City of Galveston to begin laying pipes for a system of surface water and waste drainage. For a fee, Heffron offered homeowners the ability to connect their private homes to the central cement pipes, which deposited runoff into the Galveston Bay. In the following years, he continued to expand the sewage system, initially focusing on the portion of town bound by 14th Street, Broadway, 27th Street, and the bay. By 1899, the system included eight miles of cement pipes and connected 430 properties. In 1892, during the midst of the project, the city awarded Heffron&#39;s company a 50-year franchise to install sewage pipes in the city.</p><br>
<p>Between 1896 and 1901, Heffron and city officials engaged in acrimonious negotiations regarding the future of the sewage system. A growing portion of the city&#39;s population believed that the public, rather than a private company, should maintain ownership. Heffron believed that his contract guaranteed that the city could only take control of the system through purchasing it. Some city leaders, including city attorney Waverley Smith, believed that the original agreement was unlawful and, therefore, the city had no obligations to the Galveston Sewer Company. The debate persisted for several years, complicated by the devastation brought by the 1900 Galveston Hurricane. Heffron shrewdly used newspaper publicity in effort to sway public opinion toward his perspective. Finally, in 1901, a court ordered Galveston Mayor Walter C. Jones to pay the full purchase price of $93,600.</p><br>
<h2>1509 Postoffice</h2><br>
<p>In October 1881, Heffron acquired the property at 1509 Postoffice Street in Galveston from David Fahey. Some time prior to 1871, Josephine and William Casseady had built a one-story house on the lot. Heffron and his wife Clotilde resided in the house until 1890, when they demolished it and constructed a two-story house in the same footprint. They may have incorporated portions of the earlier building into the 1890 house.</p><br>
<h3>Architectural description</h3><br>
<p>The 1890 Isaac Heffron House is a two-story, four-bay, urban Victorian house with turned columns, a two-story tri-partite bay window, and a central entrance. Compared to other noted architectural examples of the period in the East End district, the house has more restrained details. Its placement on a constrained urban lot between other houses limited Heffron’s ability to employ other common Victorian elements, such as turrets and wrap-around porches.</p><br>
<p>The tall two-over-two windows of the first story are characteristic late nineteenth century features and they are indicative of the use of the porch as an extended living space in the subtropical climate. The rear, southern porch illustrated in the 1899 Sanborn Map is typical of north-facing houses that sought to capture incoming breezes from the Gulf of Mexico. While there is no evidence that Heffron hired an architect for the project, the lot bears signs of his personal influence as a contractor, most notably in the concrete balustrade at the front of the lot.</p><br>
<h3>Heffron Residence</h3><br>
<p>The Heffron family lived in the house through the 1890s while Isaac’s career continued to advance and his wealth increased. In 1899, he commissioned architect Charles W. Bulger to design a new house for the family at 511 17th Street. The family relocated in 1901. Heffron died in his office in 1928.</p><br>
<h2>Thomas J. Holbrook</h2><br>
<p>After relocating to 17th Street, Heffron retained ownership of the house at 1509 Postoffice and used it as a rental property for several years before transferring the deed to Andrew C. Falligant, the husband of Heffron&#39;s daughter Clotilde. The Falligant family lived in the house until October 1913, when they sold it to Thomas J. Holbrook. Born 1878 in Salado, Texas, Holbrook worked as a credit manager for the firm Mistrot Bros. in Galveston between 1907 and 1919. After a two-year stay in Dallas, he returned to Galveston in 1921 and was elected state senator in 1922. Over the course of his tenure in office from 1922 to 1939, he was a leader in efforts to construct a 1930 causeway connecting Galveston Island to the mainland and to add a psychiatric hospital to the campus of the University of Texas Medical Branch. The house at 1509 Post Office was his Galveston home throughout his term.</p><br>
<h2>Later Owners and Preservation Efforts</h2><br>
<p>In 1940, Holbrook sold the house to Edmund Cordray, a pharmacist who had operated his business at the corner of Postoffice and 15th Streets since 1918. Cordray used the house as a rental property until his death in 1965. The house had several different owners through the 1970s and 1980s. In 1990, new owners undertook a substantial rehabilitation project, which included the replacement of damaged historic porch spindles with materials salvaged from the nearby Joseph L. Darragh House during its 1992 demolition, the removal of paint from interior woodwork, and the replacement of damaged cypress siding with matching materials from architectural salvage sources. The current owners, who purchased the property in 2010, successfully applied to have the house listed as a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 2016.</p><br>
<p>The Wimsener Höhle  is Germany´s only water cave, which can be visited by boat. It is located in the municipal area of Hayingen on the Swabian Alb, about three kilometers north of Zwiefalten.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Wimsener Höhle or Wimsen Cave is Germany´s only water cave, which can be visited by boat. It is located in Wimsen, part of the municipal area of Hayingen, about three kilometers north of Zwiefalten a small hamlet on the Swabian Alb. Wimsen consists of a mill, a barn, an inn and the Wimsener cave, all of which is privately owned belonging to Ehrenfels Castle.</p><br>
<p>Of the cave´s 723 meters in length only 70 meters are accessible to a visitor in a boat. About 70 meters behind the entrance the cave ceiling drops down to the water surface, so the rest of the cave can only be explored with diving equipment.</p><br>
<p>The Zwiefalter Aach arises from the cave with an average flow of 590 l/s, a minimum of 60 l/s, and a maximum of 6240 l/s.</p><br>
<p>Water and air temperature in the cave are between 7 and 8 °C representing the annual mean temperature of the region.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1803, Duke Friedrich II, the later King Frederick I of Württemberg visited the cave, after which the cave was also named "Friedrichshöhle" in his honor.</p><br>
<p>In 1910, the limestone cave was partly surveyed. It was not until 1959, when divers were able to penetrate a siphon, that further explorations and measurements could be made.</p><br>
<p>From 1961 to 1975, Jochen Hasenmayer, among others, played an important role, as he reached 400 meters far and 40 meters deep into the cave.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Wimsener Höhle is located in limestone rocks of the Weißjura Formation, which were deposited in the Jurassic ocean some 150 million years ago. The Wimsen cave is estimated to be about one million years old and was created as is typical for a solutional cave by the spring water of the Zwiefalter Aach, which when rainwater absorbed carbonic acid, seeped through the soil layers in the catchment area and penetrated deeply into the white jura.</p><br>
<p>Mendip Hospital opened as the Somerset and Bath Pauper Lunatic Asylum at Horrington, near Wells in the English county of Somerset in 1848.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The hospital was established in the 1840s, as a county asylum for pauper lunatics, under the County Asylums Act 1808, following campaigns by Sir Edwin Chadwick and the work of the Poor Law Commission. The buildings were designed by George Gilbert Scott and William Bonython Moffatt. It was built at a cost of £38,000 by Kirk of Sleaford. The first patients were brought to the hospital from local workhouses. Some of the male patients tended the hospital&#39;s own farm which provided food for the institution. During the 1850s, within a few years of opening, the hospital was nearing its capacity of 350 and new dining and recreation halls were built. In 1867 the attics were made into dormitories. In the 1870s land adjacent to the hospital was bought to establish a cemetery which was used for the patients who died until 1963 during which time 2,900 burials were carried out. A further villa capable of holding 100 patients was added in 1882. In the 1920s electricity was installed which was followed by a cinema in the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>The function as an asylum was taken over by Tone Vale Hospital in 1897, after which Mendip Hospital provided services for long-stay elderly and mentally infirm patients. It closed in 1991 and the building was converted into houses and flats.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The main two-storey building, with attics, has a frontage in an "E" shape which is 280 m long. The roofs are covered in slate and have ogee-shaped gables and finials, with stone chimney stacks. The stone chapel, which is joined to the main building by a covered walkway, is supported by two-stage buttresses and has a spire on the crossing tower. There is also a lodge at the entrance to the site.</p><br>
<p>The Looney House is a historic residence near Ashville, Alabama. The house was built in 1818 by Henry Looney and his father John. Henry Looney was a veteran of the War of 1812 and fought at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend and Fort Strother under the command of Andrew Jackson. The house was built near the creek 7 mi from the city of Ashville. In 1820, it was moved further up the hill along the creek as a result of the large amount of mosquitoes in the area during the summer time being an unbearable annoyance to the family. Jane Rutherford, daughter of John and Peggy Ash , married Henry Looney in 1838.</p><br>
<p>In 1892 the house was sold to brothers John L. and Sam Houston Lonnergan. The Lonnergan family sold the house to Joseph R. Creitz in 1947, who in turn sold it to the St. Clair County Historical Society for restoration as a museum.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Debeira is an archaeological site in Sudan situated on the eastern bank of the Nile some 20 kilometres north of Wadi Halfa.</p><br>
<h2>Early period</h2><br>
<p>Excavations brought to light a necropolis of the C-Group culture. The necropolis site dates to ca. 2400 - 1550 BCE.</p><br>
<p>At Debeira-East a wall-painted funerary chapel of the Nubian prince (chief of Teh-khet) Djehutyhotep from the time of Hatshepsut and Thutmosis III was found. Other finds include a painted sarcophagus with iconography of the Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt. The sarcophagus and the painted scenes of the burial chamber were taken to the Sudan National Museum in Khartoum prior to the flooding of Debeira by Lake Nasser.</p><br>
<h2>Middle ages</h2><br>
<p>The site was occupied by a small town or large village in the middle ages. Excavations between 1961 and 1964 by the University of Ghana showed the existence of a town with churches, a cemetery, and several large buildings. The site was inhabited between the seventh and ninth century, and abandoned after a decline that continued into the tenth century. The site was later redeveloped in the eleventh century. The community consisted of several hundred people during this period.</p><br>
<p>Ross Fork is a tributary stream of the Snake River in Bannock and Bingham counties in the U.S. state of Idaho. It flows into Clear Creek, which joins the Snake River at the American Falls Reservoir.</p><br>
<p>The watershed of the creek drains almost entirely the Fort Hall Indian Reservation, located in southeastern, Idaho. All though once a perennial stream throughout its reach, the creek normally dries up late in the summer. White bryonia, an exotic plant with poisonous berries and sometimes called the Kudzu of the West, has infested places along the stream and is reducing biodiversity. The stream also has issues with erosion. Flows are mostly influenced by spring run off and irrigation diversions managed by the Bureau of Indian Affairs Fort Hall Irrigation Project. The stream also supports genetically pure strains of Yellowstone cutthroat trout. Some of the best examples of the intact Oregon Trail exists along the creek.</p><br>
<p>Wraxall Court  is a historic building in Wraxall in the English county of Somerset. It is a Grade II listed building.</p><br>
<p>Parts of the original 1658 building were incorporated into the current building when it was erected around 1720 after which it was used by the families of John Codrington and Richard Bampfylde. The house was extended in the 19th century by Thomas Upton. Modernisation including the provision of a water supply was undertaken in the early 20th century. During World War II the house was used as a convalescent home by the admiralty and then as residences by the University of Bristol before returning to use as a private house.</p><br>
<p>The house reflects the many changes and styles of architecture covering the last 300 years and is surrounded by gardens and an estate which includes specimen trees.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was originally built in 1658 and extensively remodelled in 1720 with further restoration and expansion in 1912. The 17th century house was built, near the church, for Simon Gorges a descendent of Ferdinando Gorges. In the early 18th century that house was demolished and parts of it, including the porch, incorporated into the current building. Gorges descendent John Codrington a local member of parliament further developed the house and estate in the 1720s and 1730s. His daughter married Richard Bampfylde and the handed down to their family including Charles Bampfylde. He became bankrupt and in 1800 the Wraxall estate was sold at auction for £28,500 to Philip Prothero of Over, Gloucestershire, however it was eventually purchased by Sir John Hugh Smyth of Ashton Court and used by members of his family. Thomas Upton, who married Florence Smyth, owned the house and, in 1830 he added the flanking wings to the house and created the staircase. Much of the interior decoration of the house dates from this time.</p><br>
<p>For the rest of the 19th century the house was occupied by tenants, including Henry Hallam, until 1911 when it was sold by Lady Smyth to T. Rudding Davey who had the house connected to the mains water supply and installed the plumbing system. He also replaced the ceiling of the study. He died in 1939 but his wife continued to live in the house. In the 1940s the house was used as a convalescent home by the admiralty in conjunction with Barrow Court. In the immediate post World War II period it became residences for students from the University of Bristol. The next owner was Mr T. Lucas who bought it from Major R.E. Davey in 1953.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The two-storey stone house has slate hipped roofs with a parapet. The nine bay front of the house has a central porch at the doorway which has ionic columns supporting a frieze and moulded cornice. From the door the entrance hall goes from south to north and meets an inner hall running east to west with the staircase with wooden balustrade. The drawing room occupies the west bay of the south front and is decorated with palmette designs in a frieze which is typical of early 19th century decorative schemes.</p><br>
<p>The garden has a walled areas, lawns and specimen trees many of which have been planted since 1953.</p><br>
<p>Gödény-halom  is a prehistoric mound situated near the village of Békésszentandrás in Békés County, in the Southern Great Plain region of south-east Hungary.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Gödény-halom is situated 7 kilometres away from the inner area of Békésszentandrás, close to the old road to Szentes. It is in the one-time flood area of the River Hármas-Körös. Part of the northern side has been destroyed for the building of roads and a nearby dam.</p><br>
<p>Gödény-halom is the largest of the so-called Cumanian mounds of central Europe, and the highest prehistoric mound in Hungary with a height 12.2 metres. The Cumanian mounds are structures of uncertain age and origin and made by humans. It is generally thought that they were used as burial places in the Neolithic and Bronze Ages.</p><br>
<p>The Zvejnieki burial ground is a Stone Age cemetery located along a drumlin on the northern shore of Lake Burtnieks in northern Latvia.</p><br>
<p>The site had been known among archaeologists since the nineteenth century. However, it was excavations led by Francis Zagorskis between 1964 and 1978 which uncovered the site. Before the discovery of a human skull in 1964, the site was used primarily for quarrying gravel. Researchers estimate that the site originally contained over 400 burials.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery contains 330 burials, About one third of the burials are children. The principal grave goods are animal tooth pendants, occurring in both adult and child graves. A smaller number of male and female graves contain hunting and fishing equipment, including harpoons, spears, arrowheads and fish-hooks. The earliest burials are dated to the Middle Mesolithic, 8th millennium BCE, but they continue throughout the Stone Age, extending over at least four millennia.</p><br>
<p>Two settlement sites have been identified close to the cemetery: Zvejnieki I (Neolithic) and Zvejnieki II (Mesolithic).</p><br>
<h2>Archaeogenetics</h2><br>
<p>In 2017, researchers successfully extracted the DNA from the petrous bone of six adult individuals buried at Zvejnieki. DNA testing showed that Burial 121, which was previously thought to be female, was actually male, and that Burials 221 and 137, which were previously thought to male, were actually female.</p><br>
<p>DNA analysis shows that the people from Zvejnieki appears to have maintained genetic continuity from the Mesolithic to the Neolithic and likely adopted Neolithic practices through cultural diffusion, as the populations showed little genetic affinity for the Anatolian farmers that migrated to large parts of Europe during the Neolithic. However, a late Neolithic individual from Zvejnieki, Burial 137, appears to show some genetic affinity for the Caucasus hunter-gathers typified by an ancient DNA sample from Satsurblia Cave.</p><br>
<p>Lake Biržulis is a lake in the Telšiai District of western Lithuania. It has a maximum length in the north-south direction of 3.6 km. The lake has two islands, Spiginas and Duonkalnis, which have yielded Mesolithic and Neolithic burials including the Mesolithic grave of the "Duonkalnis shaman".</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>The island site of Spiginas have yielded four burials dating from 7780 BP to 4080 BP. The grave pits were shallow and filled with red ochre, and yielded grave goods of perforated pendants of elk and boar teeth.</p><br>
<p>The island site of Duonkalnis (also Donkalnis) has yielded around 14 graves. A young man was buried together with a woman in a grave sprinkled with red ochre beside a ritual hearth also sprinkled with ochre. His body was adorned with 57 amulets including moose teeth strung across his head and wild boar tusks on each of his eyes. The body is now on display in the Archaeology section of the National Museum of Lithuania in Vilnius.</p><br>
<p>The Corbett Farm near Echols in rural Echols County, Georgia was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The property includes a farmhouse built ca. 1878-79 plus outbuildings. The farmhouse is a hall-parlor plan with a rear ell. It is built with a wood frame joined by mortise-and-tenon joints and it incorporates wooden pegs and square nails. It has original clapboard siding.</p><br>
<p>The listing included five contributing buildings and one other contributing structure, plus a non-contributing garage.</p><br>
<p>Under ownership of Bryant W. Corbett (d.1917), who built the farm, the farm primarily grew peanuts and corn. The corn was harvested but the peanuts were left in the field to feed hogs that would root them up.</p><br>
<p>The farm was named a Georgia Centennial Family Farm in 1996 as it had been continuously operated as a farm by one family for over 100 years.</p><br>
<p>Lake Usori is a crater lake in northern Honshū island, Japan. It is also referred to as Lake Usorisan. Located in the Shimokita Peninsula of Aomori Prefecture, it is within the borders of the city of Mutsu and Shimokita Hanto Quasi-National Park.</p><br>
<p>Lake Usori is located in the volcanic Osorezan Mountains, of which the famed Mount Osore forms one portion. From the surrounding caldera walls, some ten streams drain into Lake Usori, but there is only one outlet, the 13.85 kilometer Shotsu River, which drains into the Tsugaru Strait.</p><br>
<p>The lake is noted for the extreme acidity of its water, with an average pH of around 3.3 to 3.4. Geologists attribute this to hydrogen sulfide seeping from the caldera bottom, forming sulfuric acid in the lake water. Due to its acidity, the lake is home to only one subspecies of Japanese dace, along with several insect species. However, the lake is a noted spot for waterfowl.</p><br>
<p>Prairie View Stock Farm, also known as the Bluestem Ranch, is a historic farm and national historic district located near Rich Hill in Bates County and Vernon County, Missouri. The district encompasses four contributing buildings, three contributing sites, and two contributing structures in a Rural Historic Landscape District. The contributing sites include a hay meadow, a tall fescue prairie, and a 160-acre plot of native, tall-grass prairie. It is a state designated Prairie View Natural Area. The contributing buildings are a transverse-crib barn/grain house , a barn/feeding facility, a two-story, frame, folk Victorian house , and a frame privy . The contributing structures are a storm cellar  and an arbor .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.</p><br>
<p>Punta Tempesta is a 2,679 m a.s.l. mountain of the Cottian Alps, located in Italy.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>The name Tempesta in Italian means Storm.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The mountain is located on a ridge which divides two sub-valleys of the Maira watershed, Vallone di Marmora (west) and Vallone di Intersile; its summit stands not faraway from the water divide between Valle Maira and Valle Grana. Punta tempesta is separated from the neighnouring Monte Tibert by the Intersile Pass (2.520 m), while heading SE Sibolet Pass (2.546 m) divides it from Punta Sibolet (2581 m). Towards North the ridge between Marmora and Intersile sub-valleys goes on with a mountain named Punta La Piovosa (in English Rainy Summit, 2.602 m).</p><br>
<p>Punta Tempesta administratively belongs to the Marmora municipality (comune).</p><br>
<h3>SOIUSA classification</h3><br>
<p>According to SOIUSA (International Standardized Mountain Subdivision of the Alps) the mountain can be classified in the following way:</p><br>
<p>main part=Western Alps</p><br>
<p>major sector=North Western Alps</p><br>
<p>section=Cottian Alps</p><br>
<p>subsection=Alpi del Monviso</p><br>
<p>supergroup=Gruppo del Chambeyron in senso ampio</p><br>
<p>group=Gruppo dell&#39;Oserot</p><br>
<p>subgroup=Gruppo della Meja</p><br>
<p>code=I/A-4.I-A.2.b</p><br>
<h2>Access to the summit</h2><br>
<p>Punta Tempesta is accessible via waymarked footpaths from different locations. Among them can be cited Esischie Pass, Santuario di San Magno (in Valle Grana, 1.761 m) and Tolosano, a frazione (village) of Marmora. In the Italian scale tweir hiking difficulty is rated E (Escursionisti, namely suitable for normal hikers). Sometimes the hikers also reach monte Tibert or other nearby mountains. During winter Punta Tempesta is also a popular destination for alpine skiers or hikers with snowshoes.</p><br>
<p>The Solomon Rockwell House is a historic house museum at 226 Prospect Street in the Winsted area of Winchester, Connecticut. The main portion of the house, built about 1813, is a particularly fine example of Greek Revival architecture. The house is owned by the Winchester Historical Society, and has displays of 19th-century artifacts relating to local manufacturing business and the American Civil War, and it also hosts the local fire museum. It is open by appointment.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Solomon Rockwell House is located northwest of downtown Winsted, at the southwest corner of Lake and Prospect Streets, on a rise overlooking the Mad River. The main house is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a front-facing gabled roof and clapboarded exterior. A series of ells extend to its left side, ending in a small carriage barn. One of these ells is an older house, built in the mid-18th century. The main block is distinguished by a Greek Revival temple portico with two-story columns.</p><br>
<p>The house achieved much of its present appearance in 1813, when the main block and carriage barn were built. This design was the work of William Swift, an early Connecticut architect. Solomon Rockwell, for whom it was built, owned two iron forges in town. The house passed to the historical society in the 1920s, and has served as a museum since then.</p><br>
<p>Mine Hills Preserve is a natural and historical conservation area on Mine Hills Road in northwestern Roxbury, Connecticut. Owned by the Roxbury Land Trust, it protects the site of a well-preserved 19th-century iron mine and furnace works. Several miles of trails provide access to abandoned quarry areas and the preserved remains of the iron works, whose uses are explained by informational panels. The preserve is open from dawn to dusk. The 360 acre preserve was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>When Roxbury was first settled in the 18th century, and the landform now known as Mine Hill was called Spruce Hill and was common land. Its stone outcrops were eventually recognized for their minerals, and a few attempts were made in the mid-18th century to extract gold, silver, and lead from the mountain. None of these efforts lasted more than a few years, but shafts dug into the hill survive from this period. In the early 19th century a geological analysis found the presence of</p><br>
<p>carbonated iron ore, a rare and highly desirable form of ore that was probably unknown to the early miners. Disputes over land ownership delayed exploitation of the resource until 1865, when the Shepaug Spathic Iron and Steel Company purchased the hill and began to develop it. It set up a mining operation, with a railroad carrying ore to furnaces near the base of the hill, and built a small town for the workers. Mineral Spring Brook was dammed to create a reservoir that would provide a reliable water supply. Later in the 19th century, a granite quarry was also opened near the base of hill, its products transported by rail to market in New York City. The iron furnace and mining operation was closed in 1905, and the stone quarry closed in 1935.</p><br>
<p>The preserve occupies 360 acre north of Mine Hills Road in northwestern Roxbury. It occupies the eastern face of the eopnymous hill, whose summit and western portions are in neighboring New Milford. A parking area on Mine Hills Road provides access to the trails. There is a short (0.2 mile) loop leading to the area where the blast furnaces are located, and a longer 3.5-mile trail that loops through the areas where the 18th and 19th-century mining activities took place. A short 0.3-mmile trail provides access to the reservoir site.</p><br>
<p>Alayto le Boyna is a mountain in Djibouti. It is located in the western part of the country, 170 km west of Djibouti City. The top of Alayto le Boyna is 983 meters above sea level.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The terrain around the Alayto le Boyna is mainly hilly. The highest point in the vicinity is 1149 meters above sea level, 2.7 km southeast of Alayto le Boyna. Around Alayto le Boyna it is very sparsely populated, with 7 inhabitants per square kilometer. There are no communities nearby. The neighborhood around Alayto le Boyna consists essentially of grasslands. In the neighborhood around Alayto le Boyna are unusually many named plains.</p><br>
<h2>Weather</h2><br>
<p>In the neighborhood is a hot desert climate. The average annual temperature in the area is 30 °C . The hottest month is May, when the average temperature is 35 °C, and the coldest is January, with 25 °C. The average annual rainfall is 264 millimeters. The wettest month is August, with an average of 92 mm of precipitation, and the driest is February, with 2 mm of rainfall.</p><br>
<p>Island Wedge Tomb is a wedge-shaped gallery grave and National Monument located in County Cork, Ireland.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Island Wedge Tomb is located 9.3 km (5.8 mi) southeast of Mallow.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Wedge tombs of this kind were built in Ireland in the late Neolithic and early Bronze Age, c. 2500–2000 BC. Carbon-14 dating indicated activity in the time range of 1412–1308 BC and suggested that the gallery and outer wall were constructed in Early Bronze Age, with later enhancements. Evidence of cremated burial was found in several areas of the main chamber, as well as worked flint and scrapers. Also found were a spindle whorl and two glass beads. Three lots of cremated bone were found in the chamber but two were too small for meaningful interpretation. The third, in a pit towards the rear, was probably a 60-70-year-old female.</p><br>
<p>The tomb was excavated and partially restored in 1957. Some cremated bones were found during the excavation, located towards the end of the gallery.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The gallery of this tomb is oriented SW–NE. It is divided into a portico and main chamber enclosed in a U-shaped outer wall surrounded by an oval cairn measuring 11.5 m long by 9.7 m wide. It has double walls and an entrance marked with two large orthostats.</p><br>
<p>Akōbō Kofun Cluster is a group of circular kofun burial mounds located in the town of Oirase, in Kamikita District of Aomori Prefecture in the far northern Tohoku region of Japan. It is protected by the central government as a National Historic Site.</p><br>
<p>Located on a river terrace on the left bank of the Oirase River, approximately seven kilometers from the present-day Pacific coast at an altitude of 30 meters, this group of ancient tombs was variously known as the "Tenjinyama site" or the "Jusanmori site", and was believed by locals in pre-modern times to contain the graves of warriors, as evidenced by occasional fragments of swords and pottery which were uncovered by plowing nearby fields.</p><br>
<p>After the discovery of magatama beads in April 1986, the site was extensively excavated between 1989 and 1990 by the local Oirase Town Board of Education, and were discovered to consist of 108 domed kofun dating from the first half of the 7th century to the early 9th century AD. Many of the tombs had a shallow circumferential groove resembling a small moat. The tombs contained the remnants of swords, agricultural tools, beads and other jewelry articles, Haji pottery, and horse harnesses and the remains of wooden sarcophagus. The size of each tomb was approximately 10 meters in diameter, with a height of 1.1 meter. As the mounds are now flattened and do not appear above the present ground-level, a possibility exists that more undiscovered tombs exist in the area.</p><br>
<p>On July 29, 2007 the site was declared a National Historic Site In 2016, the town of Oirase completed construction of a local museum at the site.</p><br>
<p>The Simon Bradstreet House is a historic house built in 1738 located at 1 Mechanic Street, at the corner of Pearl Street, in Marblehead, Massachusetts. It is a contributing building in the National Register of Historic Places-listed Marblehead Historic District. The house was erected by the Rev. Simon Bradstreet, the great grandson of the last bay colony governor. and the second minister of the Second Congregational Church.</p><br>
<p>The house is noted to be one of the "more substantial" Georgian style buildings in the district, being a five-bay, two-and-a-half story structure featuring dormers, a pedimented entry, and a gambrel roof, in contrast to lesser three-bay structures.</p><br>
<p>On January 4, 1738, Simon Bradstreet was ordained and received £140 from the General Court, which had been voted to compensate Marblehead for the loss of his predecessor Rev. Edward Holyoke, who left to become the president of Harvard College. These funds were used to construct the house. He served as minister from 1738 to 1771. Bradstreet graduated from Harvard university in 1731 and gave the valedictory oration.</p><br>
<p>Simon Bradstreet was replaced as minister by Isaac Story, Story was introduced to his congregation in Marblehead by Ebenezer Pemberton in his sermon to the community. Story married the daughter of Bradstreet (Rebecca Bradstreet) and moved into the house. Story was born in 1749 and a native of Boston, a graduate of the College of New Jersey in 1768. He was the minister of the Second Congregational Church of Marblehead in Marblehead, Massachusetts, from 1771-1802. Story was acquainted with and corresponded with several of the founding fathers, including George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison. Story died in 1816.</p><br>
<p>Story’s sermons were mentioned in the diary of John Quincy Adams. Although Story’s tenure at Marblehead was lengthy, his relationship with the congregation became increasingly strained and he resigned his pastorate in 1802. Following his resignation, he wrote Thomas Jefferson several times requesting a civil appointment. He was made a commissioner of bankruptcy in 1802, only to be informed by Thomas Jefferson that his appointment was a mistake and was intended for Joseph Story, his nephew.</p><br>
<p>The Cambridge room in Cambridge, MA received a between Story and Washington and Jefferson that are in excellent condition and are available for the public to research.</p><br>
<p>Chance Bradstreet, the African American slave that was a subject of the "within these walls" exhibit at the National Museum of American History was born in this home in 1762. He was later sold to Abraham Dodge of Ipswitch by Isaac Story. A copy of the agreement to lease Chance between Isaac Story and Abraham Dodge is shown below.</p><br>
<p>It is also the house that William Story, Esq, the father of Reverend Isaac Story, resided at the time of his death. William was the Clerk of the Admiralty, prior to the American revolution, and at the time of the being enacted his office and later the home of Thomas Hutchinson was entered on the evening of August 26, 1765 by a crowd of angry citizens and vandalized. Possibly the attack on Story, was a carefully calculated effort to destroy records of debt and other incriminating evidence against Massachusetts merchants. But the indisputable fact was the William Story, who stood with Sam Adams in 1763, stood with Thomas Hutchinson in 1765.</p><br>
<p>One of William Storys Sons Dr. Elisha Story was a participant in the Boston Tea Party and also moved to Marblehead, where the home still stands at 102 Washington St. One of William Storys grandchildren, went on to become an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court.</p><br>
<p>Futatsumori Shell Midden is a Jōmon period archaeological site consisting of a series of large shell middens and the remains of an adjacent settlement located of the town of Shichinohe in Aomori Prefecture in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan. It is protected by the central government as a National Historic Site. The site covers an area of about 30 ha.</p><br>
<p>During the early to middle Jōmon period (approximately 3500 to 2000 BC), sea levels were five to six meters higher than at present, and the ambient temperature was also 2 deg C higher. The Futatsumori site is located on a plateau on the west bank of Lake Ogawara, which was a salt-water inlet of the Pacific Ocean at that time. The shell middens are divided into two areas on the northern and southern slopes of the plateau, forming one of the largest concentrations found in the Tōhoku region of Japan.</p><br>
<p>The western section consists of seven smaller shell middens forming a rough shell ring. The eastern area consists of five much larger shell middens, also forming a rough shell ring, and enclosing the remains of the settlement. The 27 varieties of shells excavated indicate that the nearby Ogawawa inlet was salt water in the early Jōmon period, but had become brackish by the middle Jōmon period. In additions to shells, the middens also contained fragments of pottery, tools, and many fish bones, bones from swans, ducks, deer, boars and other animals, indicating the varied diet of the local inhabitants.</p><br>
<p>The additional discovery of extensive foundation remains of pit dwellings and storage pits indicates that this was a large settlement. Canine remains have also been unearthed, suggesting a close relationship between Jōmon people and dogs. Material artifacts include articles made of obsidian and jade, which are not native to the area, and are thus indicative of some forms of trade with other areas.</p><br>
<p>The site has been submitted for inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List as one of the Jōmon Archaeological Sites in Hokkaidō, Northern Tōhoku, and other regions</p><br>
<p>There are no public facilities at the site other than two restored pit dwellings and an explanatory placque. However, four of the items discovered at the site (intricately carved ornaments from bone) have been designated as Aomori Prefectural Important Cultural Properties.</p><br>
<p>The Salisbury Center Historic District encompasses the historic town center and main commercial district of Salisbury, Connecticut. Established in 1741, it has served in that role since, and now reflects a typical 19th-century small town center. It extends along Main Street, between its junctions with Library Street and Under Mountain Road. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Salisbury, located in Connecticut&#39;s northwest corner, was incorporated in 1741, and thrived economically on the exploitation of iron ore which had been found in its hills. This resource was overtaken by technological advances by the American Civil War, and the town experienced no significant further economic growth. The town center developed in the mid-1740s, with the Bushnell Tavern established in 1746, and the cemetery in 1750. A portion of the original tavern survives in altered form at 6 Factory Street.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is bounded on the north by the triangular town green, formed by the junction of Main Street and Under Mountain Road, and the White Hart Tavern, a rambling building dating to about 1800. The southern end of the district is anchored by the civic buildings of the town hall and the Scoville Library, both set on large landscaped lots. The town hall is a modern construction from 1988, but retains traditional features such as clapboard siding and pilasters, while the library is an 1894 Romanesque stone building donated by a local benefactor. The commercial district is a roughly three-block area set between these, with modestly scaled two-story buildings, many of which are former residences converted to commercial use.</p><br>
<p>The Valdosta Commercial Historic District in Valdosta, Georgia is a historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 and expanded in 2002. It includes 81 contributing resources and 23 non-contributing resources. The original listing included all or part of nine city blocks in a roughly square 25 acre area. The expansion listing added 2 acre with six contributing buildings and its documentation revised the classification of some of the original area&#39;s properties.</p><br>
<p>It includes:</p><br>
<p>Lowndes County Courthouse (1906), designed by Frank P. Milburn (1868-1926), separately listed on the NRHP in 1980</p><br>
<p>111 South Ashley Street, designed by Stephen F. Fulgham (1857-1928)</p><br>
<p>Converse-Girardin Building, 121-123 North Patterson, designed by Stephen F. Fulgham</p><br>
<p>First Baptist Church (1898), designed by Stephen F. Fulgham</p><br>
<p>USA Courthouse and Post Office (1908), the current Valdosta City Hall, designed by Lloyd Greer (1885-</p><br>
<p>1952)</p><br>
<p>Daniel Ashley Hotel, designed by Edward E. Dougherty (1876-1943) of Dougherty and Gardner.</p><br>
<p>First Methodist Church (1905).</p><br>
<p>The George and Margaret Cooper House is a historic building located in Mount Pleasant, Iowa, United States. It is a fine example of the Italianate style, which was a popular style for residential architecture in Mount Pleasant from the 1850s to the mid-1880s The two story brick house features an asymmetrical plan, a low pitched hip roof, wide bracketed eaves, and long narrow windows. The full-width front porch has square paneled columns with foliate designs in the capitals and brackets. A single-story wing is attached to the rear of the house. A two-story, five sided wing was added to the west side of the house about ten years after the main part of the house was built. The house was built for George Cooper, a taylor, and it remained in his family until 1921. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph A. and Lydia A. Edwards House is a historic building located east of Salem, Iowa, United States. This two-story structure is a rare stone building in Henry County, and it reflects building construction from the settlement period of the county. Joseph Edwards acquired this farm in 1841. He initially lived in a house located to the west, and this house replaced it in 1866. The Italianate style residence features a symmetrical facade, flat stone lintels and window sills, a cubical form capped with a hip roof, and a wide frieze with paired brackets. It is believed that the stone for the houses construction was quarried on the north side of the Edwards farm. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.</p><br>
<p>The Owen A. and Emma J. Garretson House is a historic building located east of Salem, Iowa, United States. Its significance is derived from its association with Owen Garretson, a local farmer, politician, and historian. His parents, Joel C. and Elizabeth  Garretson, were two of the earliest settlers in Henry County, settling here in 1837. The elder Garretsons were opposed to slavery and their farm house was a stop on the Underground Railroad. Owen farmed with his father, and eventually acquired his fathers farm. He was involved locally and on the state level with the People&#39;s Party, served as a county supervisor, and on the boards of local institutions. Garretson was the president of the Henry County Historical Society, and was a member of the State Historical Society of Iowa. He wrote several articles on the history of Henry County and southeast Iowa that were published in Palimpsest and the Iowa Journal of History and Politics.</p><br>
<p>The house was built around the turn of the 20th century. The 2½-story frame Queen Anne was built on a limestone foundation. It features asymmetrical massing, fishscale shingled gables with gable returns, a side bay window, cornerboards, window surrounds, and the sunburst gable on the wrap around front porch. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.</p><br>
<p>Quadrangle Dormitories  &ndash; "The Quad" &ndash; are a complex of 39 conjoined residence houses at the University of Pennsylvania, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. The architectural firm of Cope and Stewardson designed the houses in an exuberant Neo-Jacobean version of the Collegiate Gothic style, and completed most of them between 1894 and 1912. The dormitories stretch from 36th to 38th Streets and from Spruce Street to Hamilton Walk . West of the Memorial Tower at 37th Street, the houses on the north side follow the diagonal of Woodland Avenue  and form a long triangle with the houses on the south side. From 1895 to 1971, the dormitories housed only male students.</p><br>
<p>The Quadrangle Dormitories were listed as a contributing property in the University of Pennsylvania Campus Historic District in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Quad is now grouped into 3 college houses: Fisher Hassenfeld College House (west), Ware College House (center), and Riepe College House (east). As "first-year communities," they currently (2017) house approximately 1,445 students, more than 95% of them freshmen.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>The Quadrangle was the first major dormitory built by the University. Prior to its construction, Penn was largely a commuter school for Philadelphia-area residents; students from elsewhere either lived with Philadelphia relatives or family friends, or found lodgings in off-campus boarding houses. Charles Custis Harrison, heir to a sugar fortune and University provost, 1894&ndash;1910, was the driving force behind building the dormitory. He removed the unofficial campus architect, Frank Furness, replacing him with Cope & Stewardson, who were making a reputation as practitioners of the fashionable Collegiate Gothic style. Walter Cope and John Stewardson had designed exquisitely detailed historicist buildings for Bryn Mawr College beginning in the late-1880s, but the Quadrangle would be a project at a far larger scale and with a much higher level of ornament.</p><br>
<p>Provost Harrison took as his model the English college experience of Oxford and Cambridge, where students lived, studied, ate, socialized and worshiped in a single community. Often defraying construction costs with his own funds, Harrison, through Cope & Stewardson, remade the Penn campus with Collegiate Gothic buildings. Built on the former site of the Universitys athletic fields, fifteen of the Quadrangles houses had been completed by 1897, and six more were added by 1906.</p><br>
<p>George Henderson, President of the Class of 1889, wrote a short book that he distributed to his classmates at their 20th reunion in June 1909. Old Penn and Other Universities charted Penn&#39;s strong growth in acreage and number of buildings between 1889 and 1909, but also the near-quadrupling in the size of the student body and the surge in out-of-state and foreign students. Henderson argued that the Quadrangle (then 22 buildings) played a vital role in attracting students, and made an impassioned plea for its expansion:And the new buildings? First of all there is need of greater dormitory room. Did you ever live in the "dorms?" Then you do not know what "dorm" life means for college spirit. Several hundred men who live in the same big family have a feeling of common fellowship. Life in the "dorms" develops what our sociologists call a "Solidarity of Responsibility." Men who live there learn to care for the associations that brought them together, that keep them related. And this college spirit they never lose or forget.Some parents, living at a distance, do not like to send their sons to live in a general boarding house. But a dormitory, a University institution, appeals to them, and the boys come and live there.You would scarcely believe it, but when College opened last fall not only were the dormitory rooms over subscribed, but there was a long list of anxious ones, ready to snap up the room of any unlucky fellow who might miss his examinations, and be forced to spend another year at preparatory school grind. So we need the new dormitories, and although they are going up steadily, they might well go up faster.</p><br>
<p>By 1912, the Spruce Street row had been extended to 36th Street and turned the corner to the newly-completed Provosts Tower, honoring the now-retired Provost Harrison. Plans to add a chapel and a dining hall to the Quadrangle eventually were abandoned. Instead, the dining hall at Houston Hall was expanded in the 1930s. Construction of the Butcher, Speakman and Class of 28 Houses &ndash; along the south side of the Upper and Lower Quads (the site formerly reserved for a dining hall) &ndash; completed the Quadrangle&#39;s perimeter in the 1950s.</p><br>
<h3>1904 assessment</h3><br>
<p>In his praise for The Quad, architect Ralph Adams Cram revealed some of the many implications underlying the Collegiate Gothic:It was, of course, in the great group of dormitories for the University of Pennsylvania that Cope and Stewardson first came before the entire country as the great exponents of architectural poetry and of the importance of historical continuity and the connotation of scholasticism. These buildings are among the most remarkable yet built in America...</p><br>
<p>First of all, let it be said at once that primarily they are what they should be: scholastic in inspiration and effect, and scholastic of the type that is ours by inheritance; of Oxford and Cambridge, not of Padua or Wittenberg or Paris. They are picturesque also, even dramatic; they are altogether wonderful in mass and in composition. If they are not a constant inspiration to those who dwell within their walls or pass through their "quads" or their vaulted archways, it is not their fault but that of the men themselves.</p><br>
<p>The tower has been severely criticized as an archaeological abstraction reared to commemorate contemporary American heroism. The criticism seems just to me, though only in a measure. American heroism harks back to English heroism; the blood shed before Manila and on San Juan Hill was the same blood that flowed at Bosworth Field, Flodden, and the Boyne. Therefore the British base of the design is indispensable, for such were the racial foundations.</p><br>
<h2>College Houses</h2><br>
<h3>Fisher Hassenfeld</h3><br>
<p>Fisher Hassenfeld College House encompasses the western section of the Quad. It encloses two sides of the triangular Upper Quad, and includes the westernmost Little Quad. It is named for Jerome and Anne Fisher and Alan G. Hassenfeld, all alumni and trustees of the University, who funded its creation. Fisher Hassenfeld College House consists of 16 individual houses. As of Fall 2016, it housed 456 students, 433 of whom were freshmen.</p><br>
<p>Baird &ndash; Gift of his sons in memory of manufacturer John Baird.</p><br>
<p>Baldwin &ndash; Gift of John H. Converse in memory of Matthias W. Baldwin, founder of the Baldwin Locomotive Works.</p><br>
<p>Contains the Class of &#39;59 Music Room.</p><br>
<p>Brooks &ndash; Gift of the parishioners of the Church of the Holy Trinity in memory of their minister, Reverend Phillips Brooks.</p><br>
<p>Contains the Spitzer Lounge.</p><br>
<p>Carruth &ndash; Gift of John G. Carruth in memory of his daughter, Jean May.</p><br>
<p>Class of &#39;28 (1954) &ndash; Gift of members of the Class of 1928. Designed by Trautwein & Howard.</p><br>
<p>Contains the Lane Fitness Center and the Dickey Lounge.</p><br>
<p>Class of &#39;87 &ndash; Gift of members of the Class of 1887.</p><br>
<p>Contains the college house office and information center.</p><br>
<p>Craig &ndash; Gift of his family in memory of Wilson D. Craig, Class of 1878, who died while an undergraduate at the University.</p><br>
<p>Contains the Goldberg Lounge and the Spiegel Family Lobby.</p><br>
<p>Fitler &ndash; Gift of Edwin H. Fitler, Mayor of Philadelphia.</p><br>
<p>Foerderer &ndash; Gift of Robert H. Foerderer, USA Congressman from Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>Contains the Foerderer Lounge.</p><br>
<p>Franklin &ndash; Named in honor of Benjamin Franklin, signer of the Declaration of Independence and the USA Constitution, Ambassador to France, President of Pennsylvania; founder, benefactor and trustee of the University.</p><br>
<p>Hopkinson &ndash; Named in honor of Francis Hopkinson, Class of 1757, singer of the Declaration of Independence, Secretary of the Navy, Judge of the Admiralty, Judge of the USA District Court of Pennsylvania, trustee of the University.</p><br>
<p>Contains the Hopkinson Lounge.</p><br>
<p>Leidy &ndash; Named in honor of Dr. Joseph Leidy, Class of 1844, Professor of Anatomy, 1853&ndash;91.</p><br>
<p>Lippincott &ndash; Gift of James Dundas Lippincott in memory of his father, Joshua Lippincott.</p><br>
<p>Contains the Kasirer and Platt Lounge.</p><br>
<p>McKean &ndash; Named in honor of Thomas McKean, signer of the Declaration of Independence, colonel in the Continental Army, President of Delaware and author of its Constitution, Governor of Pennsylvania, Chief Justice of Pennsylvania, President of the Board of Trustees of the University.</p><br>
<p>Contains faculty housing and the McKean Lounge.</p><br>
<p>New York Alumni &ndash; Gift of alumni from the State of New York.</p><br>
<p>Provost Smith &ndash; Named in honor of Reverend William Smith, first Provost of the University.</p><br>
<p>Contains the Provost Smith Lounge.</p><br>
<h3>Ware</h3><br>
<p>Ware College House encompasses the central section of the Quad. The H-shaped complex straddles the Upper and Lower Quads, and includes the Memorial Tower and buildings east of 37th Street. It is named for Congressman John C. Ware III, Wharton Class of 1930. Ware College House consists of 11 individual houses. As of Fall 2016, it housed 532 students, 505 of whom were freshmen.</p><br>
<p>Bodine – Gift of Samuel T. Bodine, Class of 1873.</p><br>
<p>Butcher (1954) – Designed by Trautwein & Howard.</p><br>
<p>Chestnut – Designed by Stewardson & Page.</p><br>
<p>Coxe – Named in honor of the Coxe family and Eckley Brinton Coxe, Jr., Class of 1893.</p><br>
<p>E.F. Smith – Named in honor of Edgar Fahs Smith, Professor of Chemistry, Provost of the University.</p><br>
<p>Memorial Tower (1901) – Gift of alumni "in memory of the University of Pennsylvania men who served in the Spanish–American War."</p><br>
<p>The 5th-floor Top of the Tower Lounge is shared with Fisher Hassenfeld College House.</p><br>
<p>Morgan – Named in honor of Dr. John Morgan (physician), Class of 1757, founder of the University of Pennsylvania Medical School.</p><br>
<p>Morris – Gift of Ellen Waln Harrison in memory of her great-grandfather, Robert Morris (financier).</p><br>
<p>Rodney – Named in honor of Caesar Augustus Rodney, Class of 1789, USA Attorney General, USA Senator from Delaware.</p><br>
<p>Speakman (1954) – Designed by Trautwein & Howard.</p><br>
<p>Wilson – Named in honor of James Wilson, signer of the Declaration of Independence, colonel in the Continental Army, Professor of English, Professor of Law, Justice of the USA Supreme Court, trustee of the University.</p><br>
<h3>Riepe</h3><br>
<p>Riepe College House encompasses the eastern section of the Quad. It is named for James and Gail Petty Riepe, who pledged $10 million in 2004 to fund its creation. Riepe College House consists of 12 individual houses grouped around the East and South Quads. As of Fall 2016, it housed 464 students, 436 of whom were freshmen.</p><br>
<p>Ashhurst &ndash; Designed by Stewardson & Page.</p><br>
<p>Birthday &ndash; Gift of the wife and children of Provost Charles Custis Harrison, in honor of his 64th birthday.</p><br>
<p>Bishop White &ndash; Named in honor of Reverend William White, Class of 1765, Chaplain to the USA Congress, first Episcopal Bishop of Pennsylvania, first Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church of the United States, trustee of the University for 62 years.</p><br>
<p>Cleemann (1912-14) &ndash; Gift in memory of Dr. Richard A. Cleemann, Class of 1859, Medical School 1862. Designed by Stewardson & Page.</p><br>
<p>Graduate &ndash; Built to house graduate students.</p><br>
<p>Magee &ndash; Designed by Stewardson & Page.</p><br>
<p>Mask and Wig (1908) &ndash; Gift of the Mask and Wig Club in memory of its founder, Clayton F. McMichael, Class of 1891.</p><br>
<p>McIlhenny &ndash; Designed by Stewardson & Page.</p><br>
<p>Provosts Tower (1912) &ndash; Gift of the family and friends of Provost Charles Custis Harrison.</p><br>
<p>Plaques honor the first 12 provosts of the University.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Penn (1912-14) &ndash; Named in honor of Thomas Penn, proprietor of the Colony of Pennsylvania, grantor of the University&#39;s 1753 charter, patron and benefactor. Designed by Stewardson & Page.</p><br>
<p>The archway connecting the East and South Quads passes under Thomas Penn House.</p><br>
<p>Ward &ndash; Designed by Stewardson & Page.</p><br>
<p>Warwick &ndash; Designed by Stewardson & Page.</p><br>
<h2>Of special interest</h2><br>
<h3>Memorial Tower</h3><br>
<p>The Memorial Tower (1901) &ndash; formally, "War Memorial Tower" &ndash; honors Penn alumni who died in the Spanish–American War. Its carved limestone ornament was by sculptor Edward Maene. Located at 37th & Spruce Streets, the 6-story tower is the gateway to the Upper Quad.</p><br>
<h3>Provosts Tower</h3><br>
<p>The Provosts Tower (1912), honors the provosts of the University. It was the gift of the family and friends of Provost Charles Custis Harrison, commemorating his 1910 retirement. Its carved limestone ornament, by sculptor Edward Maene, features plaques honoring each of the first 12 provosts, and twin "headboards" with the Coat of Arms of Pennsylvania at the parapet. Its fifth floor is a 2-story library and lounge. Located at 36th Street just south of Spruce Street, the 7-story tower is the gateway to the Lower Quad.</p><br>
<h3>Junior Balcony &ndash; McClelland Hall</h3><br>
<p>The Junior Balcony is located at the west end of the Lower Quad between the North and South Steps. Originally called "The Terrace," it was expanded eastward in the 1950s and McClelland Hall, a lounge and study hall, was built in the space beneath it. McClelland is now the mail room for the entire Quad and features a small dining facility, McClelland Express.</p><br>
<p>Econ Scream: At midnight on the eve of the first Microeconomics 001 midterm exam, hundreds of students (predominantly freshmen) try to release stress by participating in a collective scream on the Junior Balcony.</p><br>
<h3>Little Quad</h3><br>
<p>The Little Quad, located in the westernmost part of the Upper Quad, is the smallest of the green spaces. It is enclosed by Foerderer (with its 3-arch cloister), Baldwin, Class of &#39;87 and McKean Houses along with the iron fence that separates it from Hamilton Walk.</p><br>
<h3>Sculpture</h3><br>
<p>The Scholar and the Football Player (1900, bronze) by Alexander Stirling Calder. Calder&#39;s bronze miniature adorns the Class of 1892 Drinking Fountain. Located under the North Arcade, at the top of the North Steps.</p><br>
<p>Reverend George Whitefield (1918, bronze) by Robert Tait McKenzie. Whitefields Meeting House and Charity School (1740) became Benjamin Franklins Academy of Philadelphia (1751), a predecessor of the University. Located at the east end of the Upper Quad.</p><br>
<p>Charles Custis Harrison (1925, bronze) by Frank Lynn Jenkins. "he seated figure of Provost Harrison who gazes across his proudest creation." Located at the west end of the Upper Quad.</p><br>
<h3>Architectural sculpture</h3><br>
<p>The dormitories are adorned with a total of 163 limestone gargoyles, bosses (cartoonish grotesques), and other carved elements. The Memorial Tower and the Provosts Tower feature carved limestone plaques and ornament by Edward Maene. The Upper Quad is decorated with 69 limestone bosses, spaced about 8 feet apart along the belt course between the second and third stories. These were carved in situ by Maene&#39;s crew, working from scaffolding.</p><br>
<h3>Spring Fling</h3><br>
<p>Spring Fling is an annual festival of food, music, and student performances. Usually held the weekend before the end of the spring semester, it originated at the Quad in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The Munroe–Dunlap–Snow House in Macon, Georgia is a small house that was built in about 1857. It appears originally to have been a five-room Victorian cottage. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places individually as well as by serving as a contributing building in the Macon Historic District.</p><br>
<p>It was built for Nathaniel Campbell Munroe who was prominent in Macon in various ways: as secretary of the Board of Health and of the Macon Lyceum and Library Society, as a director of the Macon and Western Railroad and of the Macon Manufacturing Company, as a warden of Christ Church, as "a great contributor to the cause of the Confederacy". He owned the house until 1862.</p><br>
<p>A later owner was Captain Samuel S. Dunlap, leader of the Bibb County Cavalry. Peter J. Bracken, engineer of The Texas in the Great Locomotive Chase died in the house.</p><br>
<p>Waterston Manor, Puddletown, Dorset is a manor house with 17th century origins, that was extensively rebuilt after a fire in 1863 and remodelled in 1911. The manor was the inspiration for Weatherbury Farm in Thomas Hardy&#39;s novel, Far from the Madding Crowd. It is a Grade I listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in the early 17th century, when the manor was owned by the Earls of Suffolk. In 1641, it was sold to Sir John Strangways. It remain in the possession of the Strangways, who in 1756 became Earls of Ilchester, until 1911 when it was sold to Captain Gerald Carter.</p><br>
<p>The gardens were laid out by Percy Richard Morley Horder when he undertook remodeling of the house in 1911.</p><br>
<p>The house was Hardy&#39;s inspiration for Weatherbury Farm in his novel Far From the Madding Crowd.</p><br>
<p>It is now owned by Katherine Butler, who, along with her siblings, was involved in a lengthy court case regarding the Chinese porcelain collection assembled by their father, diplomat Sir Michael Butler.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The house is of two storeys, with an attic, and is constructed of ashlar and brick. The South front remains predominantly of 17th century construction, while the East front dates from the 19th century rebuilding following the fire. The interiors are almost entirely of the 19th and 20th centuries.</p><br>
<p>The gate piers, the stables, and some of the garden walls have their own Grade II listings.</p><br>
<p>Fernwood House is a Victorian building, located in Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom. The building is regarded as one of the oldest and most notable buildings still standing in the area of Jesmond. The building is located on Clayton Road in Jesmond and was commissioned in 1864 by James Stoddard. Construction of Fernwood House was completed in February 1865. Shortly after its completion, it was sold to tea dealer, William Stewart. Stewart served as the Sheriff of Newcastle between 1876 and 1877, while living in the house.</p><br>
<p>Baronet Walter Runciman and his wife Lady Anne Margaret Runciman bought Fernwood House in 1893, where Runciman served as MP for Hartlepool. He was also owner of one of the largest shipbuilding firms in the area, which spun out to create a number of shipping companies, including Anchor Line.</p><br>
<p>It served as a private maternity hospital between the 1930s and 1960s. Notably, Eileen Blair died in the hospital while giving birth to George Orwell&#39;s child. In the 1960s, it was purchased by Newcastle City Council and was used as a reception centre until 1991.</p><br>
<p>In 1992, the property again entered private ownership when it was purchased by Greggs and used as their head office. Fernwood House was then sold to Lowes Financial Management in 2016, who are part of the Lowes Group.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Land ownership (1700s-1863)</h3><br>
<p>The history of the building dates back to when Jesmond was a township in the 1800s. It also had Jesmond Colliery nearby, but was fields and woodland until the land was developed and properties were built in the 1850s. The land on which it was built, was formerly owned by the Warwick family, who also owned Warwick Hall. The land was sold to the Archbold family in 1821, following the bankruptcy of Robert Warwick, the owner of the Warwick estate. The sale to the Archbold family came as the Warwick estate was broken up and sold off to different buyers. A number of Archbolds owned the land, before James Archbold Pears began to develop the land. Pears was the son of the noble family who owned Fenham Hall near Newcastle Upon Tyne at the time.</p><br>
<h3>Construction and early residents (1864-1937)</h3><br>
<p>After James Archbold Pears inherited the estate, he disposed of some of the land so that it could be developed. This included the land where Fernwood House is now situated. The construction of the building took place in 1864, when a number of properties and roads were established in the area. This included the development of Clayton Road, which the house and many similar style Victorian buildings are now situated in Jesmond, Newcastle Upon Tyne.</p><br>
<p>The house was built by James Stoddard, after he acquired the land. Stoddard worked in London as the owner of the James Stoddard & Company and also the Imperial Chinese Tea company. After the property had been completed, it was sold to the tea dealer William Stewart, who was originally from Newcastle. He and his family resided in Fernwood House from 1865 until 1893. Stewart purchased the property for £1,200, with the aid of a 94% mortgage from Newcastle Permanent Building Society.</p><br>
<p>In 1876 while living at Fernwood House, Stewart became the Sheriff of Newcastle between 1876 and 1877. Once he had finished serving as Sheriff, Stewart substantially extended the property in 1877. The building&#39;s significance locally, led it to be referenced in an article by Holliday Bickerstaffe Kendall, part of his Preachers of Thirty Years Ago series. The article refers to the viewing of the The Leonids Meteor Shower which took place in 1866.</p><br>
<p>The ownership of Fernwood House changed again in 1893 after the death of William Stewart. Stewart&#39;s widow and son sold Fernwood House to Baronet Walter Runciman and his wife Lady Anne Margaret Runciman. He was the owner of the South Shieds Shipping Company, which later became Moor Line and Anchor Line. Runciman was the second largest ship builder in Newcastle at the time, second to James Knott’s Prince Line. He served as Liberal MP for Hartlepool from 1914 to 1918. Walter Runciman died in 1937 at Fernwood House, with the estate valued at £286,431.</p><br>
<h3>Maternity Hospital and Newcastle City Council (1937-1991)</h3><br>
<p>Following the death of Walter Runciman in 1937, Fernwood House was then transformed into a maternity hospital. Dr. Henry Harvey Evers, was the doctor who purchased the building in order to turn it into a leading private maternity hospital in the North East of England. Evers subsequently purchased the neighbouring Oakwood House, which he used as his personal residence.</p><br>
<p>During this period, Fernwood House was more commonly known as Fernwood House Maternity Hospital. While it remained as a private hospital throughout, many complicated births were treated in the hospital for people in the surrounding area. In 1945, George Orwell’s wife Eileen Blair, was admitted to the Fernwood House Maternity Hospital and underwent a hysterectomy whilst her husband George was in Paris reporting on the closing states of World War II. Eileen Blair died while under general anesthetic in the hospital. She was buried in nearby Jesmond Cemetery. Other notable births at the hospital included the founder of Greggs, John Gregg and also two senior figures of Lowes Financial Management.</p><br>
<p>In 1964, the maternity hospital closed its doors and was sold to Newcastle City Council. Fernwood House was again renamed Fernwood House Reception Centre and would act as a replacement for the facility in the centre of Newcastle.</p><br>
<p>The building went under an extensive refurbishment between 1964 and 1966 and reopened in May 1966. A number of distressed children passed through the facility in the 25 years it was open. The most notable was Mary Bell, who was a resident at the property in December 1968, while she underwent an 11-day trial, which saw her convicted of the manslaughter of two young boys. The Fernwood House Reception Centre closed in 1991.</p><br>
<h3>Corporate ownership (1992-present)</h3><br>
<p>Following the closure of Fernwood House as a reception centre, it was purchased by Greggs and used as their headquarters. The building was extensively altered to create a main entrance directly off Clayton Road, while also expanding the car park and landscaping the gardens. Prior to this change, the main entrance was located on the building close to Oakwood House and Denewood House. Several expansions took place in 1997, 2002 and in 2004. The expansions focused on the rear of the property, incorporating a stableman&#39;s cottage and taking down several outhouses. Many of the smaller buildings had stood since the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>Lowes Group Plc. acquired the premises in May 2016 and it became the head office of Lowes Financial Management Ltd. Lowes was previously based at the nearby Holmwood House from 1984 onwards. The building was situated a couple of buildings away on Clayton Road.</p><br>
<p>The Frederick S. Sanford House is a historic house on Hat Shop Hill Road in Bridgewater, Connecticut. Probably built in the early 19th century, it was extensively altered later in that century, achieving an exterior Italianate form that is the finest in the town, and an interior exhibiting various stages of alteration. It was owned by Frederick and Glover Sanford, owners of a prominent local hat making factory. The property was listed on National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Frederick S. Sanford House is located in a rural residential area west of the village center of Bridgewater, on the north side of Hat Shop Hill Road. It is a two story wood frame structure, roughly cubical in shape, with a three-story tower projecting from the center of the front facade. Deck sections extend beside the tower and in front of it, with supporting square paneled posts. The tower has round-arch windows in the second and third levels, with a decorative Gothic hood sheltering the second-floor windows, and an extended eave with brackets around those at the top of the tower. The interior exhibits a combination of mainly Greek Revival and Italianate elements, reflective of the building&#39;s major periods of alteration.</p><br>
<p>Nehemiah Sanford moved to what is now Bridgewater (then the eastern parish of New Milford) in 1772. His son Glover entered into the hat-making business, establishing a factory in 1823 east of this property that employed 125 by the end of the 19th century. The property he purchased included what was probably a 1-1/2 story Cape style house that forms the core of this house. It underwent two major alterations: the first was probably before 1849, the date of his son Frederick&#39;s marriage, after which the house was jointly owned by father and son. Both men were politically active, the father serving in town government, and the son representing the area in the state legislature. The house was sold out of the family in 1873, having by then undergone a full transformation to the Italian villa form it now has. It was later repurchased by a Sanford descendant, but again sold out of the family in 1953.</p><br>
<p>The Carl F. Schoverling Tobacco Warehouse is a historic industrial storage building at 1 Wellsville Avenue in New Milford, Connecticut. Also known locally as the Flatiron Building, it was built in 1897 by one of the region&#39;s leading tobacco processing businesses, and is one of only two such buildings to surviving from period in the town. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Schoverling Tobacco Warehouse stands north of downtown New Milford, occupying a roughly triangular lot at the northern junction of Wellsville Avenue and</p><br>
<p>Housatonic Avenue. It is a two-story wood frame structure with a flat roof, clapboarded exterior, and partially exposed brick foundation. It presents a narrow two-bay facade to the street junction, and gradually widens. Its main facade is the long side facing Wellness Avenue, while the western facade, facing Housatonic Avenue, is where shipping activities were originally focused. The building interior retains massive timber framing, and a rare example of an early elevator, originally powered by a water pump.</p><br>
<p>When this warehouse was built in 1897, it was described as one of the most advanced tobacco warehouses in the country, featuring all of the latest amenities. New Milford was then the primary center for processing tobacco leaf grown in the Housatonic River valley, used for wrapping cigars. It was built by Carl Schoverling, the son and nephew of two German immigrants who were major figures in the local tobacco industry. The building originally had wings extending to the west (where Housatonic Avenue) now runs, and was conveniently sited near the Housatonic Railroad. Its use by the Schoverlings was short-lived: the business closed in 1903, apparently due to setbacks caused by repeated crop failures. After passing through bank ownership, it was again used as a tobacco warehouse into the 1930s, after which it has been used by a variety of other businesses.</p><br>
<p>Coolcoulaghta Standing Stones is a pair of standing stones forming a stone row and National Monument located in County Cork, Ireland.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Coolcoulaghta Standing Stones stand in a field 3.2 km southwest of Durrus.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The stones possibly date to the Bronze Age period. It points towards Dunbeacon stone circle 400 m (¼ mile) to the west and the stones may have been used for astronomical observation.</p><br>
<p>They were removed in 1980 but the stones were replaced in 1983 by the Office of Public Works, after local outcry, using a plan and elevation made in 1977 by archaeologists of Ordnance Survey Ireland.</p><br>
<p>The purpose of standing stones is unclear; they may have served as boundary markers, ritual or ceremonial sites, burial sites or astrological alignments.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The stones are both about 1.8 m (6 ft) tall.</p><br>
<p>A third stone once stood 63 m (70 yd) SSW of the pair; this has since been removed.</p><br>
<p>Glacier Creek is a stream flowing out of the Chugach Mountains, which enters the Turnagain Arm of Cook Inlet near Girdwood, Alaska.</p><br>
<h2>Tributaries</h2><br>
<p>Crow Creek is the largest tributary of Glacier Creek. It rises in the high mountains of the divide between this part of the Turnagain Arm drainage and Eagle River, a tributary of Knik Arm. It is 4 - in length, heading against Raven Creek of the Eagle River drainage in a broad pass—Crow Creek Pass—about 3,550 ft) feet above sea level and entering Glacier Creek from the northwest at a point 5 miles from Turnagain Arm.</p><br>
<p>California Creek has cut a steep, narrow, V-shaped valley in the mountains west of Glacier Creek, which it joins 2 miles from the arm. Its bedrock comprises the same materials found on Crow Creek. The gravels are similar, also, but carry less granite and do not show in the same degree the effect of glacial action.</p><br>
<p>Winner Creek joins Glacier Creek just below the mouth of Crow Creek. Its valley, bedrock, and gravels resemble those of California Creek.</p><br>
<p>The Scoville Powerhouse is a historic former power generation facility at Twin Lakes and Taconic Roads in the Taconic neighborhood of Salisbury, Connecticut. Built about 1899, it provided power to the surrounding estate of the Scoville family, owners of local iron mining and processing operations. It was converted into a privated residence in the 1950s, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 for its distinctive architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Scoville Powerhouse is located in a rural-residential cluster in northeastern Salisbury, at the northwest corner of Twin Lakes Road and Beaver Dam Road. It is set on the south bank of Schenob Brook, near the outlet of the Twin Lakes. It is 1-1/2 stories in height, built out of stone, brick, and concrete and covered by a steeply pitched hip roof. The front facade faces east toward Taconic Road, and is dominated by two steep gables, each rising above now-glassed openings that resemble the openings for carriages in carriage houses. The gable edges are decorated with Gothic style bargeboard. The building has rustic stone corner quoins. The water that powered the building&#39;s turbine (still in situ but now bypassed and not operation) was provided via a penstock that runs under Taconic Road just south of the dam (which the road crosses over).</p><br>
<p>This site on Schenob Brook was first used for power generation in the 18th century, powering a forge and gristmill c. 1748. Land in this area was acquired by Herbert and Robert Scoville in 1899. The Scovilles were by then important political and business leaders in the community, owning one of the local iron works. The developed this area as a country estate, building a large stone country manor (destroyed by fire), a carriage house (across Schenob Brook, also converted to a residence), and the powerhouse, which provided electricity to the estate. Family records are unclear on how long the power station operated, but the estate was sold off in portions in the mid-20th century. The power station was sold in the 1950s and converted into a residence.</p><br>
<p>Garinish  is a privately owned island lying off the coast of the Iveragh Peninsula, County Kerry, Ireland.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1855 Edwin Edwin Wyndham-Quin, 3rd Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl (1812-1871), purchased "Garinish Island" near Sneem (County Kerry, Republic of Ireland) as a holiday retreat from the Bland family of Derryquin Castle. He commissioned the architect James Franklin Fuller (1835-1924) and the building contractor Denis William Murphy (1799-1863, father of William Martin Murphy) with the creation of a house, later called "Garinish Lodge", and a garden on the island.</p><br>
<p>From 1900 onwards his son, Windham Wyndham-Quin, 4th Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl (1841-1926), developed the gardens on "Garinish Island" into a subtropical wild garden. It is still in existence today. The house, called "Garinish Lodge", was burned in September 1922 during the Irish Civil War (1922–1923), but later rebuilt.</p><br>
<p>When Lord Dunraven died in June 1926, aged 85. he left "Garinish Island" to his only surviving child, Lady Aileen May Wyndham-Quin (1873–1962).</p><br>
<p>Since the 1990s the island is owned by Jacqui (Jacob) Eli Safra (*1948). He is a Swiss investor and a descendant of the Lebanese-Swiss Jewish Safra banking family.</p><br>
<h2>The garden</h2><br>
<p>Garnish Island has a fine garden, renowned for tree ferns. Cordyline australis (cabbage palms) thrive in this region. They line the pathway in the photograph on the top left.</p><br>
<p>The Anglican Church of All Saints in Long Ashton was built in the 14th century although much of the fabric was rebuilt in the 1870s. It is a Grade II* listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The arms of its founder (Thomas de Lyons) are on the outside of the tower. The interior has some fine tombs, and some relatives of the poet Robert Southey are buried in the churchyard.</p><br>
<p>The building underwent Victorian restoration between 1871 and 1872 when the chancel, vestry and south chapel were added.</p><br>
<p>In 2011 the heating system in the church failed. Since then solar panels and new radiators have been installed. In 2016 an appeal was launched to replace the flagstones within the church.</p><br>
<p>The parish is part of the benefice of Long Ashton with Barrow Gurney and Flax Bourton within the Diocese of Bath and Wells.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The church has a nave, north and south aisles, chancel and vestry along with a three-stage west tower. The tower contains a peal of eight bells having been increased from six to eight in 1897 and rehung in 1903. The Tenor of this fine peal weighs in at 30.3.23 CWT or 1573 KG making the bells here the 11th heaviest ring of 8 in the world.</p><br>
<p>The fine rood screen is from the 15th century. Within the church is a 19th century church organ which was rebuilt by J.G.Haskins & Co.</p><br>
<h2>Churchyard</h2><br>
<p>Amongst the gravestones and memorials in the churchyard are several which are Grade II* listed buildings. The oldest is for John and Alice Smith who died in 1591. A chest tomb of Elizabeth Phelps from 1698, and one of Anna Whiting from 1700, The memorial to George Whiting was added in 1709, and Robert Whiting in 1662, while another Robert Whiting is from 1679, and another with the same name from 1693. Together the chest tombs, which have renaissance details form an important group. Other monuments are to Philip Bower, the Pomroy family,the Ford family, Elizabeth Hayward, William Cambridge, William Poultney James Miller and John Howard.</p><br>
<p>The octagonal churchyard cross is late medieval and was moved to its current site in the late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>Hamashiriya Shell Midden is a Muromachi period archaeological site consisting of a series of shell midden and the remains of an adjacent settlement located of the village of Higashidōri on the Shimokita Peninsula of Aomori Prefecture in the Tōhoku region of far northern Japan. It is protected by the central government as a National Historic Site.</p><br>
<p>Located near Cape Shiriyazaki at the far northeast top of the Shimokita Peninsula, the site consists of a series of 14 shell middens dating from the early 14th to the mid-15th centuries AD. A unique feature of these shell middens is that they consist almost exclusively of abalone shells, with an average diameter of around six centimeters. Also on the site were the remains of ovens and the foundation holes for several buildings and wells. Both Japanese and Chinese coins and fragments of both Japanese and Chinese ceramics were discovered as well. These finds led archaeologists to the conclusion that the site was an early factory for the production of dried abalone, which was in great demand as a product for trade with China at the time. It is uncertain of any trade took place directly from this site with China, although the presence of Chinese coins and ceramics raises the possibility.</p><br>
<p>There are no public facilities at the site.</p><br>
<p>The John Shepard House is a historic house on Shepard Park Road in Norfolk, Connecticut. Built in 1922, it is one of more than thirty architecturally distinguished houses built in Norfolk to designs by Alfredo S.G. Taylor. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The John Shepard House is located in a residential area on the north side of Norfolk village. It is set on the south side of Shepard Park Road, roughly midway between Mills Lane and Maple Avenue. It is a sprawling 2-1/2 story structure, built mainly of rubblestone, with a central rectangular section flanked by wings set at an angle. The style roughly resembles that of a Swiss chateau, with heavy dark chestnut clapboards and a recessed porch with balcony above. The roof has a shallow pitch, and is pierced by truncated gable dormers. Windows are irregular in size and spacing, and are typically fitted with small panes. The interior is divided into public spaces in the center and north wing ground floors, bedrooms above those, and the service and servants wing to the south.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1922, and was one of the later commissions in Norfolk of New York City architect Alfredo S.G. Taylor. Taylor spent many summers in Norfolk in the early 20th century, and is credited with more than thirty commissions. This house includes a number of his signature features, including the use of rustic stone and heavy woodwork, and the angled wings, all of which appear on a number of his works.</p><br>
<p>Christ Church in Clevedon, within the English county of Somerset was built between 1838 and 1839 by Richard Charles Hussey and Thomas Rickman and revised by George Phillips Manners and John Elkington Gill in the 1850s. It is a Grade II* listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The construction of the church, to designs by Richard Charles Hussey and Thomas Rickman, was paid for by public subscription when the town of Clevedon was expanding rapidly. George Weare Braikenridge donated £1800 and a Flemish 14th century stained glass east window of the Tree of Jesse from his collection.</p><br>
<p>The parish is part of the benefice which includes St Andrews and St Peters within the Diocese of Bath and Wells.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The limestone church has a six-bay nave, chancel and buttressed tower in the south west. The tower is topped by an embattled parapet and embellished crocketed pinnacles which were added as part of the 1850s revision by George Phillips Manners and John Elkington Gill.</p><br>
